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The Gospel of John, like all the gospels, is anonymous. [14] John 21:22 [15] references a disciple whom Jesus loved and John 21:24–25 [16] says: "This is the disciple who is testifying to these things and has written them, and we know that his testimony is true". [11]
The gospel identifies its author as the disciple whom Jesus loved, commonly identified with John the Evangelist since the end of the first century. [4] Scholars have debated the authorship of Johannine literature (the Gospel of John, Epistles of John, and the Book of Revelation) since at least the third century, but especially since the ...
The Gospel of John is a relatively late theological document containing little accurate historical information that is not found in the three synoptic gospels, which is why most historical studies have been based on the earliest sources Mark and Q. [115] Nonetheless, since the third quest, John's gospel is seen as having more reliability than ...
The first supposed witness to Johannine theology among the Fathers of the Church is in Ignatius of Antioch, whose Letter to the Philippians some claim references John 3:8 [13] and alludes to John 10:7-9 [14] and John 14:6, [15] but none of these are direct quotations or contain information exclusive to John.
Gospels formed by combining proto-gospels, written collections, and still-current oral tradition. Mark is generally agreed to be the first gospel; [ 22 ] it uses a variety of sources, including conflict stories (Mark 2:1–3:6), apocalyptic discourse (4:1–35), and collections of sayings, although not the sayings gospel known as the Gospel of ...
The New Testament includes four canonical gospels, (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) but there are many gospels not included in the biblical canon. [3] These additional gospels are referred to as either New Testament apocrypha or pseudepigrapha. [4] [5] Some of these texts have impacted Christian traditions, including many forms of iconography.
Today, however, most scholars agree that John 21 is an appendix to the Gospel, which originally ended at John 20:30–31. [97] However, there is considerable debate about how and when the appendix was added, and by whom. For example, several scholars argue it was added after "the beloved disciple" had died. [98]
The prologue to Mark in the Drogo Gospels , a manuscript from around 850. The Monarchian Prologues are a set of Latin introductions to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. They were long thought to have been written in the second or third century from a Monarchian perspective, hence their name.