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The logic puzzle was first produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pen name Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.In his book The Game of Logic he introduced a game to solve problems such as confirming the conclusion "Some greyhounds are not fat" from the statements "No fat creatures run well" and "Some greyhounds run well". [1]
The biadjacency matrix of a simple, undirected bipartite graph is a (0, 1)-matrix, and any (0, 1)-matrix arises in this way. The prime factors of a list of m square-free, n-smooth numbers can be described as an m × π(n) (0, 1)-matrix, where π is the prime-counting function, and a ij is 1 if and only if the jth prime divides the ith number.
[8] Determining whether a λ-calculus formula has a normal form. Conway's Game of Life on whether, given an initial pattern and another pattern, the latter pattern can ever appear from the initial one. Rule 110 - most questions involving "can property X appear later" are undecidable.
If the remainder is 3, move 2 to the end of even list and 1,3 to the end of odd list (4, 6, 8, 2 – 5, 7, 9, 1, 3). Append odd list to the even list and place queens in the rows given by these numbers, from left to right (a2, b4, c6, d8, e3, f1, g7, h5).
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
[1] Five room puzzle – Cross each wall of a diagram exactly once with a continuous line. [2] MU puzzle – Transform the string MI to MU according to a set of rules. [3] Mutilated chessboard problem – Place 31 dominoes of size 2×1 on a chessboard with two opposite corners removed. [4] Coloring the edges of the Petersen graph with three ...
The problem remains NP-complete even if a prime factorization of is provided. Serializability of database histories [3]: SR33 Set cover (also called "minimum cover" problem). This is equivalent, by transposing the incidence matrix, to the hitting set problem. [2] [3]: SP5, SP8 Set packing [2] [3]: SP3