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Psychotherapy, medications [4] Medication. Lithium, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants [4] Frequency. 1–3% [4][6] Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks. [4][5] If the elevated mood is severe or ...
The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) is a psychiatric self-rating scale created by Ronald Pies in screening for bipolar disorder (BD). [1] Its initial version consists of a descriptive narrative aimed to capture the nuances and milder variants of BD. [2] Upon revision by Nassir Ghaemi and colleagues, the scale was developed into two ...
Cyclothymia (/ ˌ s aɪ k l ə ˈ θ aɪ m i ə /, siy-kluh-THIY-mee-uh), also known as cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia / psychothymia, [5] bipolar III, [6] affective personality disorder [7] and cyclothymic personality disorder, [8] is a mental and behavioural disorder [9] that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of elevated mood. [3]
Bipolar II disorder (BP-II) is a mood disorder on the bipolar spectrum, characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. [1][2][3][4] Diagnosis for BP-II requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode. [5] Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I ...
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I; pronounced "type one bipolar disorder") is a type of bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, with or without mixed or psychotic features. [1] Most people also, at other times, have one or more depressive episodes. [2] Typically, these manic episodes can last at least 7 ...
Racing thoughts refers to the rapid thought patterns that often occur in manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes. While racing thoughts are most commonly described in people with bipolar disorder and sleep apnea, they are also common with anxiety disorders, OCD, and other psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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