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mRNA-4157/V940 is an mRNA based cancer vaccine encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles.The 34 mRNA sequences in mRNA-4157/V940 vaccine were generated by an automated algorithm integrated with workflow based on massive parallel sequencing of tissue generated from cancer patients. [1]
Sometimes the term "LNP" describes all lipid-based nanoparticles. In specific applications, LNPs describe a specific type of lipid-based nanoparticle, such as the LNPs used for the mRNA vaccine. [1] [2] [3] Using LNPs for drug delivery was first approved in 2018 for the siRNA drug Onpattro. [4]
SM-102 is a synthetic amino lipid which is used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. [1] These are used for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines, [2] [3] [4] and in particular SM-102 forms part of the drug delivery system for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.
Encapsulating the mRNA molecule in lipid nanoparticles was a critical breakthrough for producing viable mRNA vaccines, solving a number of key technical barriers in delivering the mRNA molecule into the host cell.
The critical factor that governs tissue tropism is the modulation of the surface's acid dissociation constant (pKa), which corresponds to the pH at which the proportion of charged and uncharged ionizable lipids at the particle's surface is equal and depends on the type of ionizable lipids and charged helper lipids used in the nanoparticle ...
The preparation of ALC-0315 was first described in a patent application to lipid nanoparticles by Acuitas Therapeutics in 2017. [6]: 137 The final step is a reductive amination reaction in which 4-aminobutanol is condensed with a lipid aldehyde, using sodium triacetoxyborohydride as the reducing agent to convert the intermediate imines to the amine of the product.
The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, manufactured by Moderna since 2020, is a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes for a full-length, prefusion stabilized spike(S)-2P antigen of SARS-CoV-2 with a transmembrane anchor. [50] [51]
ARCoV is an mRNA vaccine which consists of lipid nanoparticle–encapsulated mRNA encoding the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. It was the first mRNA vaccine to be approved for clinical trials in China. Manufactured as a liquid, ARCoV is thermostable at room temperature for at least 1 week. [3]
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