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  2. Younger Dryas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas

    The Younger Dryas (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) [2] was a period in Earth's geologic history that occurred circa 12,900 to 11,700 years Before Present (BP). [3] It is primarily known for the sudden or "abrupt" cooling in the Northern Hemisphere, when the North Atlantic Ocean cooled and annual air temperatures decreased by ~3 °C (5.4 °F) over North America, 2–6 °C (3.6–10.8 °F) in Europe ...

  3. Younger Dryas impact hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas_impact...

    The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH) proposes that the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cool period at the end of the Last Glacial Period, around 12,900 years ago was the result of some kind of cosmic event with specific details varying between publications. [1]: Sec 1 The hypothesis is widely rejected by relevant experts.

  4. 4.2-kiloyear event - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4.2-kiloyear_event

    Modelling evidence suggests that the 4.2 ka event was the result of a significant weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), disrupting global ocean currents and generating precipitation and temperature changes in various regions.

  5. Meltwater pulse 1B - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater_pulse_1B

    Postglacial Sea level Rise Curve and Meltwater Pulses (MWP) Meltwater pulse 1B (MWP1b) is the name used by Quaternary geologists, paleoclimatologists, and oceanographers for a period of either rapid or just accelerated post-glacial sea level rise that some hypothesize to have occurred between 11,500 and 11,200 years ago at the beginning of the Holocene and after the end of the Younger Dryas. [1]

  6. Lake Agassiz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Agassiz

    Lake Agassiz (/ ˈ æ ɡ ə s i / AG-ə-see) was a large proglacial lake that existed in central North America during the late Pleistocene, fed by meltwater from the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial period.

  7. Meltwater pulse 1A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater_pulse_1A

    Image showing sea level change during the end of the last glacial period. Meltwater pulse 1A is indicated. Meltwater pulse 1A (MWP1a) is the name used by Quaternary geologists, paleoclimatologists, and oceanographers for a period of rapid post-glacial sea level rise, between 13,500 and 14,700 years ago, during which the global sea level rose between 16 meters (52 ft) and 25 meters (82 ft) in ...

  8. Missoula floods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missoula_floods

    After Pardee studied the canyon of the Flathead River, he estimated that flood waters above 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) would be required to roll the largest of the boulders moved by the flood. He estimated the water flow was 9 cubic miles per hour (38 km 3 /h), more than the combined flow of every river in the world. [ 8 ]

  9. Channeled Scablands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channeled_scablands

    Flood waters eroded the loess cover, creating large anastomizing channels that exposed bare basalt and creating butte-and-basin topography. The buttes range in height from 30 to 100 m (98 to 328 ft), while the rock basins range from 10 m (33 ft) in width up to the 11 km (7 mi) long and 30 m deep Rock Lake .