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Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are histone-modifying enzymes (e.g., histone-lysine N-methyltransferases and histone-arginine N-methyltransferases), that catalyze the transfer of one, two, or three methyl groups to lysine and arginine residues of histone proteins.
Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how ...
SET7/9, a representative histone methyltransferase with SAM (blue) and peptide undergoing methylation (black). Rendered from PDB: 4J83. The SN2-like methyl transfer reaction. Only the SAM cofactor and cytosine base are shown for simplicity.
Histone methylation involves adding methyl groups to histones, primarily on lysine (K) or arginine (R) residues. The addition and removal of methyl groups is carried out by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (KDMs) respectively. Histone methylation is responsible for either activation or repression of genes, depending on ...
Protein methylation has been most studied in histones, where the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine is catalyzed by histone methyltransferases. Histones that are methylated on certain residues can act epigenetically to repress or activate gene expression. [3] [4]
Nucleosomes consist of four pairs of histone proteins in a tightly assembled core region plus up to 30% of each histone remaining in a loosely organized tail (only one tail of each pair is shown). DNA is wrapped around the histone core proteins in chromosomes. The lysines (K) are designated with a number showing their position as, for instance ...
PRMT1 gene encodes for the protein arginine methyltransferase that functions as a histone methyltransferase specific for histone H4 in eukaryotic cells. [6] Specifically altering histone H4 in eukaryotes gives it the ability to remodel chromatin acting as a post-translational modifier.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme (EC 2.1.1.43) encoded by EZH2 gene, that participates in histone methylation and, ultimately, transcriptional repression. [5] EZH2 catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to histone H3 at lysine 27, [6] by using the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine.