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Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) [1] was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which was successfully launched on March 16, 1926. [2]
According to Max Valier's account, [41] Opel RAK rocket designer, Friedrich Wilhelm Sander launched two liquid-fuel rockets at Opel Rennbahn in Rüsselsheim on April 10 and April 12, 1929. These Opel RAK rockets have been the first European, and after Goddard the world's second, liquid-fuel rockets in history.
The Heinkel He 176 was a German experimental rocket-powered aircraft. It was the world's first aircraft to be propelled solely by a liquid-fueled rocket, making its first powered flight on 20 June 1939 with Erich Warsitz at the controls.
The 10-foot (3.0 m) rocket reached an altitude of 41 feet (12 m), flew for two-and-a-half seconds, and fell to the ground 184 feet (56 m) from the launching frame. Goddard's final launch from Auburn, on July 17, 1929, was also a historic first.
As of January 2024, two methane-fueled rockets have reached orbit. Several others are in development and two orbital launch attempts failed: Zhuque-2 successfully reached orbit on its second flight on 12 July 2023, becoming the first methane-fueled rocket to do so. [25] It had failed to reach orbit on its maiden flight on 14 December 2022.
The first liquid-fuel rocket, constructed by Robert H. Goddard, differed significantly from modern rockets. The rocket engine was at the top and the fuel tank at the bottom of the rocket, [38] based on Goddard's belief that the rocket would achieve stability by "hanging" from the engine like a pendulum in flight. [39]
The first-stage booster of Falcon 9 Flight 9 made the first successful controlled ocean soft touchdown of a liquid-rocket-engine orbital booster on April 18, 2014. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] 2015 - SpaceX 's Falcon 9 Flight 20 was the first time that the first stage of an orbital rocket made a successful return and vertical landing .
A hybrid-propellant rocket usually has a solid fuel and a liquid or NEMA oxidizer. [clarification needed] The fluid oxidizer can make it possible to throttle and restart the motor just like a liquid-fueled rocket. Hybrid rockets can also be environmentally safer than solid rockets since some high-performance solid-phase oxidizers contain ...