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Vitamin B 6 Drug class Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the metabolically active form of vitamin B 6 Class identifiers Use Vitamin B 6 deficiency ATC code A11H Biological target enzyme cofactor Clinical data Drugs.com International Drug Names External links MeSH D025101 Legal status In Wikidata Vitamin B 6 is one of the B vitamins, and is an essential nutrient for humans. The term essential nutrient ...
Aspartate transaminase (AST) or aspartate aminotransferase, also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT or (serum) glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, SGOT), is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.1) that was first described by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1954.
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B 6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has catalogued more than 140 PLP-dependent activities, corresponding to ~4% of all classified activities. [ 5 ]
[16] Vitamin B 6: Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine: The active form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) (depicted) serves as a cofactor in many enzyme reactions mainly in amino acid metabolism including biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. [17] Vitamin B 7: Biotin: Biotin plays a key role in the metabolism of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.
The enzyme pyridoxal phosphatase [1] [2] [3] (EC 3.1.3.74) catalyzes the reaction pyridoxal 5′-phosphate + H 2 O pyridoxal + phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphohydrolase.
Pyridoxine is converted to pyridoxal phosphate via two enzymes, pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase. High levels of pyridoxine can inhibit these enzymes. As pyridoxal phosphate is the active form of vitamin B 6, this saturation of pyridoxine could mimic a deficiency of vitamin B 6. [23] [27]
There are at least six naturally occurring vitamers of vitamin B 6 including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine as well as a 5'-phosphate derivative of each. All six naturally occurring vitamers of vitamin B 6 are found in foods. [3] Pyridoxine, along with its phosphorylated form, pyridoxine-5'-phosphate, are primarily found in plant-based ...
Transaminases require the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate, which is converted into pyridoxamine in the first half-reaction, when an amino acid is converted into a keto acid. Enzyme-bound pyridoxamine in turn reacts with pyruvate , oxaloacetate , or alpha-ketoglutarate , giving alanine , aspartic acid , or glutamic acid , respectively.