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The decibel unloaded reference voltage, 0 dBu, is the AC voltage required to produce 1 mW of power across a 600 Ω impedance (approximately 0.7746 V RMS). [2] This awkward unit is a holdover from the early telephone standards, which used 600 Ω sources and loads, and measured dissipated power in decibel-milliwatts ( dBm ).
EBU R 128 is a recommendation for loudness normalisation and maximum level of audio signals. It is primarily followed during audio mixing of television and radio programmes and adopted by broadcasters to measure and control programme loudness. [1]
Most modern quality amplifiers have >110 dB dynamic range, [6] which approaches that of the human ear, usually taken as around 130 dB. See Programme levels. Phase distortion, Group delay, and Phase delay A perfect audio component will maintain the phase coherency of a signal over the full range of frequencies. Phase distortion can be extremely ...
A compressor reduces the level of an audio signal if its amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. Threshold is commonly set in decibels (dBFS for digital compressors and dBu for hardware compressors), [8] where a lower threshold (e.g. −60 dB) means a larger portion of the signal is treated. When the signal level is below the threshold, no ...
Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (PEAQ) is a standardized algorithm for objectively measuring perceived audio quality, developed in 1994–1998 by a joint venture of experts within Task Group 6Q of the International Telecommunication Union's Radiocommunication Sector . It was originally released as ITU-R Recommendation BS.1387 in 1998 and ...
A typical British quasi-PPM. Each division between '1' and '7' is exactly four decibels and '6' is the intended maximum level. A peak programme meter (PPM) is an instrument used in professional audio that indicates the level of an audio signal.
Audio normalization is the application of a constant amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the amplitude to a target level (the norm). Because the same amount of gain is applied across the entire recording, the signal-to-noise ratio and relative dynamics are unchanged.
Decibels relative to full scale (dBFS or dB FS) is a unit of measurement for amplitude levels in digital systems, such as pulse-code modulation (PCM), which have a defined maximum peak level. The unit is similar to the units dBov and decibels relative to overload (dBO). [1] The level of 0 dBFS is assigned to the maximum possible digital level. [2]