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  2. Volition (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volition_(psychology)

    Volition, also known as will or conation, is the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits to a particular course of action. It is defined as purposive striving and is one of the primary human psychological functions.

  3. Will (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_(philosophy)

    In deliberation, the last appetite, or aversion, immediately adhering to the action, or to the omission thereof, is that we call the will; the act, not the faculty, of willing. And beasts that have deliberation, must necessarily also have will. The definition of the will, given commonly by the Schools, that it is a rational appetite, is not good.

  4. Deliberation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberation

    Deliberation is a process of thoughtfully weighing options, for example prior to voting. Deliberation emphasizes the use of logic and reason as opposed to power-struggle, creativity, or dialogue . Group decisions are generally made after deliberation through a vote or consensus of those involved.

  5. Deliberative referendum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberative_referendum

    A deliberative referendum is a referendum that increases public deliberation through purposeful institutional design. [1]:557 The term "deliberative referendum" stems from deliberative democracy, [2]:509 which emphasises that "the legitimacy of decisions can be increased if...decisions are preceded by authentic deliberation."

  6. Instrumental and value-rational action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    II:76, 652 His prime example of instrumental action was the same as Weber's: widespread use of utilitarian means to satisfy individual ends. [6]: 51–5, 698 His prime example of value-rational action was institutionalised rituals found in all societies: culturally prescribed but eternally legitimate ends. [6]: 467, 675–9, 717 [7]

  7. Deliberative rhetoric - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberative_rhetoric

    In deliberative rhetoric, an argument is made using examples from the past to predict future outcomes in order to illustrate that a given policy or action will either be harmful or beneficial in the future. [2] It differs from deliberative democracy, which is a form of governmental discourse or institution that prioritizes public debate.

  8. Citizens' assembly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens'_assembly

    Deliberation allows members to reflect on their values and weigh new information in dialogue with subject-matter experts and their peers. By incorporating the views, information and arguments of experts and then asking the participants to engage in collaborative discussion, assemblies aim to enable the participants to educate themselves and ...

  9. Communicative action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_action

    Communicative rationality is distinct from instrumental, normative, and dramaturgical rationality by its ability to concern all three "worlds" as he terms them, following Karl Popper—the subjective, objective, and intersubjective or social. Communicative rationality is self-reflexive and open to a dialogue in which participants in an argument ...