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Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury. It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [ 1 ]
Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. [2] A small pelvis of the mother can be a result of many factors. Risk factors for a small pelvis include malnutrition and a lack of exposure to sunlight causing vitamin D deficiency . [ 3 ]
The body's posture changes as the pregnancy progresses. The pelvis tilts and the back arches to help keep balance. Poor posture occurs naturally from the stretching of the woman's abdominal muscles as the fetus grows. These muscles are less able to contract and keep the lower back in proper alignment. The pregnant woman has a different pattern ...
Childbirth positions (or maternal birthing positions) [1] are the physical postures that the pregnant mother may assume during the process of childbirth. They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions .
Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions occur involuntarily, resulting in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. [3] The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into ...
Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. [1] [4] Most often, the problems occur during pregnancy, but may occur during childbirth or shortly afterwards. [1] Often, the cause is unknown. [1]
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Definition: Relationship between the longitudinal axis of fetus and mother: longitudinal (resulting in either cephalic or breech presentation) oblique (unstable, will eventually become either transverse or longitudinal) transverse (resulting in shoulder presentation) back up; back down (indication for vertical uterine incision during cesarean ...