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In civil engineering (specifically hydraulic engineering), a hydrodynamic separator (HDS) is a stormwater management device that uses cyclonic separation to control water pollution. They are designed as flow-through structures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediment and other pollutants. [ 1 ]
[citation needed] For efficient separation, the density difference between the heavy minerals and the light minerals in the feedstock should be at least 1 g/cm 3; [1] and because the separation is dependent upon size and density, spiral separators are most effective at purifying ore if its particles are of uniform size and shape. A spiral ...
CO 2 transport (e.g. to geologic sequestration sites, or to be used for EOR) costs about $2–5 per ton of CO 2. [10] This cost is the same for all types of CO 2 capture/separation processes such as membrane separation and absorption. [10]
In a centrifugal oil and water separator, the force of gravity is one-thousand [citation needed] times greater that of the coalescing plate pack separator or the petrol interceptor, so the separation is much greater. Not only is the force of separation greater, but there are fewer working parts so maintenance is much easier and cheaper.
The consumer will most likely consider indices which have a more directly measurable difference in the overall system, like the amount of product gas divided by the system weight and size, the system initial and maintenance costs, the system power consumption or other operational costs, and reliability.
Sludge thickening by gravitational settling and dynamic is used to minimize the volume of sludge. Feed with a content of 0.8% solids, can be thickened to a content of 4% solids, which means a fivefold decrease in sludge volume is obtained. This in return helps optimize the following steps by reducing the size of structure and operating costs ...
The thermal entrance length for a fluid with a Prandtl number greater than one will be longer than the hydrodynamic entrance length, and shorter if the Prandtl number is less than one. For example, molten sodium has a low Prandtl number of 0.004, [ 12 ] so the thermal entrance length will be significantly shorter than the hydraulic entrance length.
A water tunnel is an experimental facility used for testing the hydrodynamic behavior of submerged bodies in flowing water. It functions similar to a recirculating wind tunnel , but uses water as the working fluid, and related phenomena are investigated, such as measuring the forces on scale models of submarines or lift and drag on hydrofoils .