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[5] RAFT polymerization today is mainly carried out by thiocarbonylthio chain transfer agents. It was first reported by Rizzardo et al. in 1998. [6] RAFT is one of the most versatile methods of controlled radical polymerization because it is tolerant of a very wide range of functionality in the monomer and solvent, including aqueous solutions. [7]
ATRP reactions are very robust in that they are tolerant of many functional groups like allyl, amino, epoxy, hydroxy, and vinyl groups present in either the monomer or the initiator. [5] ATRP methods are also advantageous due to the ease of preparation, commercially available and inexpensive catalysts (copper complexes), pyridine-based ligands ...
The steady-state concentration of the growing polymer chains is 10 −7 M by order of magnitude, and the average life time of an individual polymer radical before termination is about 5–10 s. A drawback of the conventional radical polymerization is the limited control of chain architecture, molecular weight distribution, and composition.
In the case of RDRP reactions in the presence of Cu(0), one of the mechanistic models proposed in the literature is called the supplemental activator and reducing agent atom-transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP). [10] [13] [14] The SARA ATRP is characterized by the traditional ATRP reactions of activation by Cu(I) and deactivation by Cu ...
ATRP may refer to: GTRI Agricultural Technology Research Program; Atom transfer radical polymerization; Avios Travel Rewards Programme This page was last edited on ...
Raft is an open world survival-sandbox video game developed by Swedish developer Redbeet Interactive, and published by Axolot Games. The game was released as an early access title on 23 May 2018 on Steam , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 1 ] after initial release as a free download on indie platform Itch.io in 2016.
This War of Mine is a war survival video game developed and published by the Polish game development company 11 Bit Studios. [3] The game, inspired by the siege of Sarajevo among other conflicts, differs from most war-themed video games by focusing on the civilian experience of war rather than front line combat.
Raft was born at 415 West 41st Street in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York City, the son of Eva (née Glockner), a German Jewish immigrant, and Conrad Ranft, who was born in Massachusetts to German Jewish immigrants. [5] His parents were married on November 17, 1895, in Manhattan. Raft's sister Eva, known as Katie, was born on April 18, 1896.