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Transfinite induction requires proving a base case (used for 0), a successor case (used for those ordinals which have a predecessor), and a limit case (used for ordinals which don't have a predecessor). Transfinite induction is an extension of mathematical induction to well-ordered sets, for example to sets of ordinal numbers or cardinal numbers.
In mathematics, transfinite numbers or infinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers. These include the transfinite cardinals , which are cardinal numbers used to quantify the size of infinite sets, and the transfinite ordinals , which are ordinal numbers used to provide an ordering ...
Transfinite induction, an extension of mathematical induction to well-ordered sets Transfinite recursion; Transfinite arithmetic, the generalization of elementary arithmetic to infinite quantities; Transfinite interpolation, a method in numerical analysis to construct functions over a planar domain so that they match a given function on the ...
The proof is by transfinite induction. Let be a limit ordinal (the induction is trivial for successor ordinals), and for each <, let {} be a partition of satisfying the requirements of the theorem.
There are other interesting special cases of well-founded induction. When the well-founded relation is the usual ordering on the class of all ordinal numbers, the technique is called transfinite induction. When the well-founded set is a set of recursively-defined data structures, the technique is called structural induction.
The smallest epsilon number ε 0 appears in many induction proofs, because for many purposes transfinite induction is only required up to ε 0 (as in Gentzen's consistency proof and the proof of Goodstein's theorem).
Transfinite induction holds in any well-ordered set, but it is so important in relation to ordinals that it is worth restating here. Any property that passes from the set of ordinals smaller than a given ordinal α to α itself, is true of all ordinals. That is, if P(α) is true whenever P(β) is true for all β < α, then P(α) is true for all α.
In set theory, -induction, also called epsilon-induction or set-induction, is a principle that can be used to prove that all sets satisfy a given property. Considered as an axiomatic principle, it is called the axiom schema of set induction. The principle implies transfinite induction and recursion.
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