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  2. Integer factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

    For example, 15 is a composite number because 15 = 3 · 5, but 7 is a prime number because it cannot be decomposed in this way. If one of the factors is composite, it can in turn be written as a product of smaller factors, for example 60 = 3 · 20 = 3 · (5 · 4) .

  3. Parity of a permutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_of_a_permutation

    The numbers in the right column are the inversion numbers (sequence A034968 in the OEIS), which have the same parity as the permutation. In mathematics , when X is a finite set with at least two elements, the permutations of X (i.e. the bijective functions from X to X ) fall into two classes of equal size: the even permutations and the odd ...

  4. Quater-imaginary base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quater-imaginary_base

    Most numbers have a unique quater-imaginary representation, but just as 1 has the two representations 1 = 0. 9 in decimal notation, so, because of 0. 0001 2i = ⁠ 1 / 15 ⁠, the number ⁠ 1 / 5 ⁠ has the two quater-imaginary representations 0. 0003 2i = 3· ⁠ 1 / 15 ⁠ = ⁠ 1 / 5 ⁠ = 1 + 3· ⁠ –4 / 15 ⁠ = 1. 0300 2i.

  5. LU decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_decomposition

    If two matrices of order n can be multiplied in time M(n), where M(n) ≥ n a for some a > 2, then an LU decomposition can be computed in time O(M(n)). [15] This means, for example, that an O(n 2.376) algorithm exists based on the Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm.

  6. Cyclic permutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_permutation

    A cyclic permutation consisting of a single 8-cycle. There is not widespread consensus about the precise definition of a cyclic permutation. Some authors define a permutation σ of a set X to be cyclic if "successive application would take each object of the permuted set successively through the positions of all the other objects", [1] or, equivalently, if its representation in cycle notation ...

  7. Partial fraction decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_fraction_decomposition

    For example, the p i may be the factors of the square-free factorization of g. When K is the field of rational numbers , as it is typically the case in computer algebra , this allows to replace factorization by greatest common divisor computation for computing a partial fraction decomposition.

  8. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2)(x + 2) is a polynomial ...

  9. Polynomial decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_decomposition

    Algorithms are known for decomposing univariate polynomials in polynomial time. Polynomials which are decomposable in this way are composite polynomials; those which are not are indecomposable polynomials or sometimes prime polynomials [1] (not to be confused with irreducible polynomials, which cannot be factored into products of polynomials).

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