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The National League of Cities identifies 31 Dillon's Rule states, 10 home rule states, 8 states that apply Dillon's Rule only to certain municipalities, and one state (Florida) that applies home rule to everything except taxation. [2] Each state defines for itself what powers it will grant to local governments.
The theory of state preeminence over local governments was expressed as Dillon's Rule in an 1868 case: "Municipal corporations owe their origin to, and derive their powers and rights wholly from, the legislature. It breathes into them the breath of life, without which they cannot exist. As it creates, so may it destroy.
Dillon's Rule implies, among other things, that the boundaries of any jurisdiction falling under state government can be modified by state government action. For this reason, examples of municipal annexation are distinct from annexations involving sovereign states. [2]
Rule by a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] A common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch.
In other words, in the case of a Government Department, one must look at the statutes to see what it may not do, not as in the case of a company to see what it may do. [7] The doctrine is also mentioned in Halsbury's Laws of England (though not explicitly by name) [8] and the Cabinet Manual. [9]
Municipalities are governed under Dillon's rule, unless they elect to be governed by home rule. [5] Currently, there are 10 home rule municipalities in New Mexico ( Alamogordo , Albuquerque , Clovis , Gallup , Grants , Hobbs , Las Cruces , Los Alamos , Rio Rancho , and Santa Fe ), as well as two chartered cities ( Las Vegas and Silver City ).
Building upon economic theory, public choice has a few core tenets. One is that no decision is made by an aggregate whole. Rather, decisions are made by combined individual choices. A second is the use of markets in the political system. [8] A third is the self-interested nature of everyone in a political system.
Regulatory economics is the application of law by government or regulatory agencies for various economics-related purposes, including remedying market failure, protecting the environment and economic management.