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The cause is usually a developmental abnormality arising in the early prenatal period, typically failure of obliteration of the second, third, and fourth branchial cleft, i.e. failure of fusion of the second branchial arches and epicardial ridge in lower part of the neck. Branchial cleft cysts account for almost 20% of neck masses in children. [1]
A common sign is a neck growth. It may be found at birth, or discovered later in an infant after an upper respiratory tract infection. [8] Cystic hygromas can grow very large and may affect breathing and swallowing. Some symptoms may include a mass or lump in the mouth, neck, cheek, or tongue. It feels like a large, fluid-filled sac.
Macrocystic have cysts greater than 2 cubic centimetres (0.12 cu in), and microcystic lymphatic malformation have cysts that are smaller than 2 cubic centimetres (0.12 cu in). [2] These malformations can occur at any age and may involve any part of the body, but 90% occur in children less than 2 years of age and involve the head and neck.
Rosacea. What it looks like: Rosacea causes redness and thick skin on the face, usually clustered in the center.Easy flushing, a stinging sensation, and small, pus-filled pimples are other common ...
A branchial cyst, according to the Cleveland Clinic, is a small fluid-filled sac that may look like a lump under the skin on the side of the neck. It is considered one of the most common neck mass ...
Lesions have a heterogeneous, non-distinctive appearance that ranges from skin-colored to pink-colored papules or plaques. Typically, lesions form in the head and neck area. [1] Syringocystadenoma papilliferum can develop de-novo or within a nevus sebaceous. [4] Syringocystadenoma papilliferum tends to be seen in children.
Some cervical thymic cysts may extend into the mediastinum. It is usually asymptomatic. [3] The diagnostic process includes differentiating between other causes of neck masses in infants and children, including branchial cleft cysts and cystic hygromas. The treatment is surgical excision.
An appropriate differential diagnosis depends upon location of the ectopic thymus. For cervical ectopic thymus, the differential diagnosis should include additional causes of neck masses. This includes common causes of neck masses in children, including: thyroglossal duct cyst. [6] [10] branchial cleft cyst. [10] dermoid cyst. [10]