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Irukandji syndrome is a condition that results from envenomation by certain box jellyfish. [4] In rare instances the sting may result in cardiac arrest and death. [ 5 ] The most common jellyfish involved is the Carukia barnesi , a species of Irukandji jellyfish . [ 4 ]
In 1961, Barnes confirmed the cause of the Irukandji syndrome was a sting from a small box jellyfish: the Irukandji jellyfish, which can fire venom-filled stingers out of its body and into passing victims. To prove that the jellyfish was the cause of the syndrome, he captured one and deliberately stung himself, his 9-year-old son and a local ...
The Irukandji syndrome was first discovered after a group of swimmers were stung in the open water near North Queensland, Australia. Victims of the sting reported severe symptoms of muscle aches, back pain, nausea, headaches, chest and abdominal pains, sweating, high blood pressure and difficulty breathing. [ 3 ]
Malo kingi or the common kingslayer is a species of Irukandji jellyfish.It was first described to science in 2007, and is one of four species in the genus Malo. [1] It has one of the world's most potent venoms, even though it is no bigger than a human thumbnail. [2]
The known "Irukandji" jellies include species: Malo maxima, Malo kingi, Carukia shinju, Carybdea xaymacana, Alatina mordens, Gerongia rikinae, and Morbakka fenneri. Malo jellies release venom from the tips of the nematocyst. The venom from a single sting can take 20–60 minutes to induce "Irukandji syndrome". [5]
A scale illustration of an Irukandji jellyfish and its tentacles.Below the jelly's medusa bell are two polyp forms of the species.. Irukandji jellyfish are very small, with a bell about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) to 25 millimetres (0.98 in) wide and four long tentacles, which range in length from just a few centimetres up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length.
In Australia, C. fleckeri has caused at least 64 deaths since the first report in 1883, [17] but most encounters appear to result only in mild envenomation. [18] Among 225 analyzed C. fleckeri stings in Australia's Top End from 1991 to 2004, only 8% required hospital admission, 5% received antivenom and there was a single fatality (a 3-year-old ...
The Irukandji Jellyfish is tiny, but very venomous. A signpost warns swimmers of the presence of Chironex fleckeri (box jellyfish) Jellyfish stings in Australia can cause pain, paralysis and death for swimmers with exposed skin. Numerous venomous species of jellyfish occur in Australian waters, including the box jellyfish and Irukandji ...