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Early Scots was the emerging literary language of the Early Middle English-speaking parts of Scotland in the period before 1450. The northern forms of Middle English descended from Northumbrian Old English. During this period, speakers referred to the language as "English" (Inglis, Ynglis, and variants).
Scots [note 1] is a language variety descended from Early Middle English in the West Germanic language family.Most commonly spoken in the Scottish Lowlands, the Northern Isles of Scotland, and northern Ulster in Ireland (where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots), it is sometimes called: Lowland Scots, to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Celtic language that was historically ...
Northumbrian Old English had been established in south-eastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the 7th century. It remained largely confined to this area until the 13th century, continuing in common use while Scottish Gaelic was the court language until displaced by Norman French in the early 12th century.
From the 13th century Early Scots spread further into Scotland via the burghs, early urban institutions which were first established by King David I. The growth in prestige of Early Scots in the 14th century, and the complementary decline of French in Scotland, made Scots the prestige language of most of eastern Scotland.
Most modern linguists accept that, although the nature and unity of the Pictish language is unclear, it belonged to the former group. [47] Historical sources, as well as place-name evidence, indicate how the Pictish language in the north and Cumbric languages in the south were overlaid and replaced by Gaelic, English and later Norse in this ...
This is a presentation of the phonological history of the Scots language.. Scots has its origins in Old English (OE) via early Northern Middle English; [1] though loanwords from Old Norse [2] and Romance sources are common, especially from ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and Middle French borrowings. [3]
Older Scots refers to the following periods in the history of the Scots language [1] Pre-literary Scots to 1375; Early Scots to 1450; Middle Scots to 1700; The online Dictionary of the Scots Language includes the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue.
Literature survives in all the major languages present in the early Middle Ages, with Scots emerging as a major literary language from John Barbour's Brus (1375), developing a culture of poetry by court makars, and later major works of prose.