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  2. Dilution (equation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_(equation)

    Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all parts of the solution are ...

  3. Solution (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)

    Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.

  4. Colligative properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colligative_properties

    The assumption that solution properties are independent of nature of solute particles is exact only for ideal solutions, which are solutions that exhibit thermodynamic properties analogous to those of an ideal gas, and is approximate for dilute real solutions. In other words, colligative properties are a set of solution properties that can be ...

  5. Boiling-point elevation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling-point_elevation

    The result is that in dilute ideal solutions, the extent of boiling-point elevation is directly proportional to the molal concentration (amount of substance per mass) of the solution according to the equation: [2] ΔT b = K b · b c. where the boiling point elevation, is defined as T b (solution) − T b (pure solvent).

  6. Henry's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry's_law

    The standard state for a dilute solution is also defined in terms of infinite-dilution behavior. Although the standard concentration c° is taken to be 1 mol/L by convention, the standard state is a hypothetical solution of 1 mol/L in which the solute has its limiting infinite-dilution properties. This has the effect that all non-ideal behavior ...

  7. Dilution ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_ratio

    For example, in a solution with a 1:5 dilution ratio, entails combining 1 unit volume of solute (the material to be diluted) with 5 unit volumes of the solvent to give 6 total units of total volume. In photographic development, dilutions are normally given in a '1+x' format.

  8. Thermodynamic activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_activity

    The standard state of a dilute solution is a hypothetical solution of concentration c o = 1 mol/L (or molality b o = 1 mol/kg) which shows ideal behaviour (also referred to as "infinite-dilution" behaviour). The standard state, and hence the activity, depends on which measure of composition is used.

  9. Debye–Hückel theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye–Hückel_theory

    The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas. [1] It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model, which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean activity coefficients for ions in dilute solution.