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Cinerary urns of the Villanovan culture. The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the middle and late Bronze parallels that of the archaic Greeks. [1] The Tuscan area was inhabited by peoples of the so-called Apennine culture in the second millennium BC (roughly 1400–1150 BC) who had trading relationships with the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations in the Aegean Sea, [1] and, at the end of ...
The two factions gave rise to several powerful and rich medieval communes in Tuscany: Arezzo, Florence, Lucca, Pisa, and Siena. [17] Balance between these communes was ensured by the assets they held: Pisa, a port; Siena, banking; and Lucca, banking and silk. [20] But by the time of the Renaissance, Florence had become the cultural capital of ...
Siena was an important city in medieval Europe, and its historic centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which contains several buildings from the 13th and 14th centuries. [ 9 ] [ 12 ] The city is famous for its cuisine , art , museums , medieval cityscape and the Palio , a horse race held twice a year in Piazza del Campo .
The Ponte Vecchio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈponte ˈvɛkkjo]; [1] "Old Bridge") [2] is a medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge over the Arno, in Florence, Italy.The only bridge in Florence spared from destruction during World War II, it is noted for the shops built along it; building shops on such bridges was once a common practice.
Monteriggioni is a medieval walled town, located on a natural hillock, built by the Sienese in 1214–19 as a front line defensive fortification in their wars against Florence, [4] [5] by assuming command of the Via Cassia running through the Val d'Elsa and Val Staggia to the west.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Italian: Granducato di Toscana; Latin: Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence. [2] The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants. [3]
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