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Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid ...
The cyclic compound borepin has been isolated and is aromatic. Boron-boron multiple bonds are rare, although doubly-bonded dianions have been known since the 1990s. [20] Neutral analogues use NHC adducts, such as the following diborane(2) derivative: [21] [22] Each boron atom has an attached proton and is coordinated to a NHC carbene. [23] [24]
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1] This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging.
A further example of insertion into a closo carborane is the synthesis of the yellow-orange solid closo-1,2,3-(CO) 3 FeC 2 B 4 H 6: closo−C 2 B 4 H 8 + Fe 2 (CO) 9 → closo−(CO) 3 FeC 2 B 4 H 6 + Fe(CO) 5 + CO. A closely related reaction involves the capping of an anionic nido carborane C 2 B 4 H − 7. closo−C 2 B 4 H 8 + NaH → Na ...
These compounds all contain an atom with an unshared pair of electrons (oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen) as a member of the aromatic ring, which substantially stabilizes the cationic intermediate. Examples of electrophilic substitutions to pyrrole are the Pictet–Spengler reaction and the Bischler–Napieralski reaction.
The medical applications of carboranes have been explored. [14] [15] C-functionalized carboranes represent a source of boron for boron neutron capture therapy. [16] The compound H(CHB 11 Cl 11) is a superacid, forming an isolable salt with protonated benzene cation, [C 6 H 7] + (benzenium cation). [17] The formula of that salt is [C 6 H 7 ...
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
ortho-Carborane is the organoboron compound with the formula C 2 B 10 H 12.The prefix ortho is derived from ortho.It is the most prominent carborane.This derivative has been considered for a wide range of applications from heat-resistant polymers to medical applications.