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  2. Pascal's wager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_wager

    The wise decision is to wager that God exists, since "If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing", meaning one can gain eternal life if God exists, but if not, one will be no worse off in death than if one had not believed. On the other hand, if you bet against God, win or lose, you either gain nothing or lose everything.

  3. Best of all possible worlds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_of_all_possible_worlds

    Leibniz then claims that the only possible reason for the choice between these possible worlds is "the fitness or the degree of perfection" which they possess – i.e., the quality which makes worlds better than others, so that the world with the greatness "fitness" or "perfection" is the best one.

  4. Meaning of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_of_life

    The first English use of the expression "meaning of life" appears in Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), book II chapter IX, "The Everlasting Yea". [1]Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

  5. 75 Epictetus Quotes on Life, Philosophy and Empowerment - AOL

    www.aol.com/75-epictetus-quotes-life-philosophy...

    6. “First learn the meaning of what you say, and then speak.” 7. “It is impossible to begin to learn that which one thinks one already knows.”

  6. Existential nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_nihilism

    Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism, where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".

  7. Spiritual philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_philosophy

    Hence, non-religious spirituality is more open-ended than religious spiritual philosophy, as one’s spirituality not being based primarily on religious teachings and texts. [23] A contemporary example is the spiritual philosophy outlined in The Book of Eden by poet and philosopher, Athol Williams.

  8. Divine simplicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_simplicity

    [15] God exhausts what it means to be God and, in principle, there cannot be more than one God. [2] Divine simplicity is fundamentally about God's attributes: his nature or essence. The doctrine does not state that God cannot have the "property" of creating a universe. [2] [14]

  9. Theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodicy

    In the philosophy of religion, a theodicy (/ θ iː ˈ ɒ d ɪ s i /; meaning 'vindication of God', from Ancient Greek θεός theos, "god" and δίκη dikē, "justice") is an argument that attempts to resolve the problem of evil that arises when all power and all goodness are simultaneously ascribed to God.