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This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
India's foreign exchange reserves consists of its holdings in major currencies such as the U.S. dollar, euro, and yen. India also holds a significant amount of gold, which serves as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) allocated by the IMF, these can be used to supplement reserves.
Officially, the Indian rupee has a market-determined exchange rate. However, the Reserve Bank of India trades actively in the USD/INR currency market to impact effective exchange rates. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the US dollar is a de facto controlled exchange rate.
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Indian rupee symbol in graphic form. The new sign is a combination of the Devanagari letter र ("ra") and the Latin capital letter R without its vertical bar. The parallel lines at the top (with white space between them) makes an allusion to the tricolour Indian flag and also depict an equality sign that symbolizes the nation's desire to reduce economic disparity.
The earliest (1861) federal banknotes included high-denomination notes such as three-year interest-bearing notes of $500, $1,000, and $5,000, authorized by Congress on July 17, 1861. [8] In total, 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high-denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates.
The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978 was an act of the Indian Parliament that demonetized the high-denomination banknotes of ₹1000, ₹5000, and ₹10000. It was first introduced as the High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Ordinance, 1978, by the then President of India Neelam Sanjiva Reddy . [ 3 ]
India was forced to sell dollars to the extent of close to US$35 billion in the spot markets in Financial Year 2009 due to 22% depreciation in rupee (against the dollar) in the same fiscal year 2009. In 2009, India purchased 200 tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund, worth US$6.7bn (€4.57bn, £4.10bn). [15]