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Teacup calcifications, also known as the "teacup sign," are a specific radiologic sign indicative of benign breast conditions, particularly milk of calcium within cysts. [1] These calcifications exhibit a distinctive appearance on mammography, helping radiologists in distinguishing benign entities from malignant ones.
Following nearly 400 women for 18 years, one team found that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - clogged arteries limiting blood flow - was diagnosed in 23% of women with breast arterial ...
In dystrophic calcification, basophilic calcium salt deposits aggregate, first in the mitochondria, then progressively throughout the cell. [citation needed] These calcifications are an indication of previous microscopic cell injury, occurring in areas of cell necrosis when activated phosphatases bind calcium ions to phospholipids in the membrane.
When consisting of calcium phosphate, they are usually dystrophic calcifications (occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue). [3] Yet, the mechanism of their formation is not fully known. [4] Calcium oxalate crystals in the breast may be seen on mammography and are usually benign, but can be associated with lobular carcinoma in situ. [5]
In a number of breast pathologies, calcium is often deposited at sites of cell death or in association secretions or hyalinized stroma, resulting in pathologic calcification. For example, small, irregular, linear calcifications may be seen, via mammography, in a ductal carcinoma-in-situ to produce visible radio-opacities. [10]
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is the term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer. [1]The name of the entity is descriptive of the lesion; ADH is characterized by cellular proliferation (hyperplasia) within one or two breast ducts and (histomorphologic) architectural abnormalities, i.e. the cells are arranged in an abnormal or atypical way ...
Stereotactic biopsy, also known as stereotactic core biopsy, is a biopsy procedure that uses a computer and imaging performed in at least two planes to localize a target lesion (such as a tumor or microcalcifications in the breast) in three-dimensional space and guide the removal of tissue for examination by a pathologist under a microscope.
Collagenous spherulosis is characterized by a tubular/cribriform architecture with intratubular eosinophilic material that classically is arranged like the spokes of a wheel ("radial spikes"). There is usually no mitotic activity, and two cells populations (epithelial & myoepithelial) are present, like in benign breast glands.
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