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Study period at a Roman Catholic Indian Residential School in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories. The Canadian Indian residential school system [a] was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples. [b] The network was funded by the Canadian government's Department of Indian Affairs and administered by various Christian churches.
According to some scholars, the Canadian government's laws and policies, including the residential school system, that encouraged or required Indigenous peoples to assimilate into a Eurocentric society, violated the United Nations Genocide Convention that Canada signed in 1949 and passed through Parliament in 1952.
The following is a list of schools that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system. [ nb 1 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] These schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island , and New Brunswick .
According to the Ontario chapter of the Canadian Federation of Students, indigenous peoples have a right to education under the terms of the Royal Proclamation of 1763, Constitution Act, 1982, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (Canada),and the United Nations' Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, but that these rights have historically been ...
Indo-Canadian students are also well-represented in Toronto-area universities; despite Indo-Canadians making up 10% of the Toronto area's population, students of Indian origin (domestic and international combined) make up over 35% of Toronto Metropolitan University, 30% of York University, and 20% of the University of Toronto's student bodies ...
The last Canadian residential school to close was Gordon Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan, founded in 1889, and closed in 1996. [144] The Christian denominations that operated the schools on behalf of the federal government have expressed regret and issued apologies for their part in a system that harmed many indigenous children.
In 1920, the school's administration was taken over by the Department of Indian Affairs. The school was built to accommodate 40 students, and in 1919 it was expanded to accommodate 45. [ 1 ] The residential school was located on 153 acres on the east side of Chapleau near the Nebskwashi River. [ 2 ]
At one point, this was the largest Canadian residential school. [4] [28] Canadian politician Leonard Marchand (Okanagan Indian Band) attended the school. [29] So did George Manuel (Secwépemc Nation), who said his three strongest memories of the school were: "hunger; speaking English; and being called a heathen because of my grandfather."