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Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally ...
Independent agencies exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President. [1]: 6 There is a further distinction between independent executive agencies and independent regulatory agencies, which have been assigned rulemaking responsibilities or authorities by Congress.
In 1924, the organization changed its name to the International City Managers' Association, and, in 1969, to the International City Management Association. As part of the 1969 change, ICMA began recognizing local governments that provide for positions of professional management while retaining a form of government other than council-manager.
NICNAS then produces risk management guidelines, which are regularly reviewed. These aim to balance: the risk posed by a substance; the economic, political and social costs of implementing strategies to minimise or eliminate the identified risk; and the social and economic benefits of risk minimisation.
In addition to counties and municipalities, states often create special purpose authorities, such as school districts and districts for fire protection, sanitary sewer service, public transportation, public libraries, public parks or forests, water resource management, and conservation districts. Such special purpose districts may encompass ...
The Risk Management Authority is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government with responsibility for assessing and managing the risks posed by certain serious violent and sexual offenders in Scotland. It was established in 2005 by the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003.
As mentioned above, SEPA is the flood warning authority for Scotland and they work with other organisations to manage flood risk. SEPA's hydrologists monitor these water levels so that they can warn the public and businesses of the likelihood of a flood. SEPA provides annual reports on the quality of Scotland's bathing waters. [31]
The city manager, operating under the council-manager government form, was created in part to remove city government from the power of the political parties, and place management of the city into the hands of an outside expert who was usually a business manager or engineer, with the expectation that the city manager would remain neutral to city ...