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A jugular foramen is one of the two (left and right) large foramina (openings) in the base of the skull, located behind the carotid canal. It is formed by the temporal bone and the occipital bone . It allows many structures to pass, including the inferior petrosal sinus , three cranial nerves , the sigmoid sinus , and meningeal arteries.
Extending lateralward from the posterior half of the condyle is a quadrilateral plate of bone, the jugular process, excavated in front by the jugular notch, which, in the articulated skull, forms the posterior part of the jugular foramen. The jugular notch may be divided into two by a bony spicule, the intrajugular process, which projects ...
The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the ...
One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate, assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia.
The carotid sheath is a condensation of the deep cervical fascia [1]: 578 enveloping multiple vital neurovascular structures of the neck, [2] including the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve (CN X), and ansa cervicalis. [1]: 578 [2] The carotid sheath helps protects the structures contained therein. [2]
Symptoms of this syndrome are consequences of this paresis. As such, an affected patient may show: [citation needed] dysphonia/hoarseness; soft palate dropping; deviation of the uvula towards the normal side; dysphagia; loss of sensory function from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (CN IX) decrease in the parotid gland secretion (CN IX) loss of ...
The superior ganglion of the vagus nerve (jugular ganglion) is a sensory ganglion of the peripheral nervous system. It is located within the jugular foramen , where the vagus nerve exits the skull. It is smaller than and proximal to the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve .
The internal jugular vein is a paired jugular vein that collects blood from the brain and the superficial parts of the face and neck. This vein runs in the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve. It begins in the posterior compartment of the jugular foramen, at the base of the skull.