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In European countries, air quality at or above 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m 3) for PM 2.5 increases the all-causes daily mortality rate by 0.2-0.6% and the cardiopulmonary mortality rate by 6-13%. [35] Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term ...
The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [2]
For example, the yearly averages of NO 2, PM 10 and PM 2.5 are divided by 40 μg/m 3, 40 μg/m 3 and 20 μg/m 3, respectively. The overall background or traffic YACAQI for a city is the arithmetic mean of a defined subset of these sub-indices.
The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries. Air quality in the database is represented by the annual mean concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5, i.e. particles smaller than 10 or 2.5 micrometers, respectively). [1 ...
The CCME standard for particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) as of 2015 is 28 μg/m 3 (calculated using the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the daily 24-hr average concentrations) and 10 μg/m 3 (3-year average of annual mean).
PM 2.5 AQI of US monitors, calculated utilizing NowCast, courtesy US EPA PM2.5 AQI map, calculated utilizing NowCast, courtesy US EPA. The PM (particulate matter) NowCast is a weighted average of hourly air monitoring data used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for real-time reporting of the Air Quality Index (AQI) for PM (PM 10 - particles less than 10 micrometers ...
PM 10 is defined by ISO as particles which pass through a size-selective inlet with a 50% efficiency cut-off at 10 μm aerodynamic diameter and PM 2.5 as particles which pass through a size-selective inlet with a 50% efficiency cut-off at 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter. PM 10 corresponds to the "thoracic convention" as defined in ISO 7708:1995 ...
A study published in 2023 in Science focused on sulfur dioxide emissions by coal power plants (coal PM 2.5) and concluded that "exposure to coal PM 2.5 was associated with 2.1 times greater mortality risk than exposure to PM 2.5 from all sources." [149] From 1999 to 2020, a total of 460,000 deaths in the US were attributed to coal PM 2.5. [149]