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A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins ; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances.
A transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion transport protein) is a protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism. Transport proteins are vital to the growth and life of all living things.
Intracellular transport is the movement of vesicles and substances within a cell. Intracellular transport is required for maintaining homeostasis within the cell by responding to physiological signals. [1] Proteins synthesized in the cytosol are distributed to their respective organelles, according to their specific amino acid’s sorting ...
Lectins typically play a role in biological recognition phenomena involving cells and proteins. [66] Receptors and hormones are highly specific binding proteins. Transmembrane proteins can serve as ligand transport proteins that alter the permeability of the cell membrane to small molecules and ions.
This exchange occurs in many different types of body cells. [38] In the cardiac Purkinje fibers and smooth muscle cells of the ureters, this antiporter is the main mechanism of chloride transport into the cells. Epithelial cells such as those of the kidney use chloride-bicarbonate exchange to regulate their volume, intracellular pH, and ...
The Discovery of the first eukaryotic ABC transporter protein came from studies on tumor cells and cultured cells that exhibited resistance to several drugs with unrelated chemical structures. These cells were shown to express elevated levels of multidrug-resistance (MDR) transport protein which was originally called P-glycoprotein (P-gp), but ...
There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient. This process is in contrast to passive transport , which allows molecules or ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area ...
Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Kinesins and cytoplasmic dyneins play essential roles in intracellular transport such as axonal transport and in the formation of the spindle apparatus and the separation of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.