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A 200 kW Caterpillar diesel generator set in a sound attenuated enclosure used as an emergency backup at a sewage treatment substation in Atlanta, United States. A diesel generator (DG) (also known as a diesel GenSet) is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. [1]
Diesel engines have a compression/expansion ratio between 14:1 and 25:1. In this case the general rule of higher efficiency from higher compression does not apply because diesels with compression ratios over 20:1 are indirect injection diesels (as opposed to direct injection). These use a prechamber to make possible the high RPM operation ...
Actual efficiency can be lower or higher than the engine’s average due to varying operating conditions. In the case of a production gasoline engine, the most efficient BSFC is approximately 225 g/(kW⋅h), which is equivalent to a thermodynamic efficiency of 36%. An iso-BSFC map (fuel island plot) of a diesel engine is shown.
1952 Shell Oil film showing the development of the diesel engine from 1877. The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is called a compression-ignition engine (CI engine).
To express the efficiency of a generator or power plant as a percentage, invert the value if dimensionless notation or same unit are used. For example: A heat rate value of 5 gives an efficiency factor of 20%. A heat rate value of 2 kWh/kWh gives an efficiency factor of 50%. A heat rate value of 4 MJ/MJ gives an efficiency factor of 25%.
Typical thermal efficiency for utility-scale electrical generators is around 37% for coal and oil-fired plants, [7] and 56 – 60% (LEV) for combined-cycle gas-fired plants. Plants designed to achieve peak efficiency while operating at capacity will be less efficient when operating off-design (i.e. temperatures too low.) [8]
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