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One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate, assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia.
Therefore, creatinine concentrations in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance (CrCl), which correlates approximately with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood creatinine concentrations may also be used alone to calculate the estimated GFR (eGFR). The GFR is clinically important as a measurement of kidney function.
The glomerular filtration rate is the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. The creatinine clearance rate (C Cr or CrCl) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR. Creatinine clearance exceeds GFR due to creatinine secretion, [1] which can be blocked by ...
Para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance is a method used in renal physiology to measure renal plasma flow, which is a measure of renal function. [citation needed]PAH is completely removed from blood that passes through the kidneys (PAH undergoes both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion), and therefore the rate at which the kidneys can clear PAH from the blood reflects total renal plasma flow.
This makes it challenging to assign an objective number or scale to kidney function. For this reason, kidney function (and thus medication elimination) has been approximated by measuring creatinine clearance, or calculating an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), since 1976. [2] Beginning in the late 1970s, an increase in the creatinine ...
The fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na) is the percentage of the sodium filtered by the kidney which is excreted in the urine.It is measured in terms of plasma and urine sodium, rather than by the interpretation of urinary sodium concentration alone, as urinary sodium concentrations can vary with water reabsorption.
S and V differ markedly between small vs. large people and between men and women. A man and a woman of the same S will have similar levels of GFR, but their values for V may differ by 15-20%. Because standardized Kt/V incorporates residual renal function into the calculations, it makes the assumption that kidney function should scale by V.
Diagram showing the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney. The renal clearance ratio or fractional excretion is a relative measure of the speed at which a constituent of urine passes through the kidneys. [1] [2] It is defined by following equation: =