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Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, [3] comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [ 4 ] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [ 5 ]
This (Gly-X-Y)n sequence is repeated 343 times in the type III collagen molecule. Proline or hydroxyproline is often found in the X- and Y-position giving the triple helix stability. In addition to being an integral structural component of many organs, type III collagen is also an important regulator of the diameter of type I and II collagen ...
The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. [1] It is a quick and accurate [2] spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the concentration of protein in a solution. The reaction is dependent on the amino acid composition of the measured proteins.
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP or SPE) is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. [1] The most common indications for a serum protein electrophoresis test are to diagnose or monitor multiple myeloma , a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS), or further investigate a discrepancy ...
The hydroxylation of proline by prolyl hydroxylase (or other additions of electron-withdrawing substituents such as fluorine) increases the conformational stability of collagen significantly. [20] Hence, the hydroxylation of proline is a critical biochemical process for maintaining the connective tissue of higher organisms.
In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. [2] [3] Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen.
The N-terminal telopeptide (NTX), also known as amino-terminal collagen crosslinks, is the N-terminal telopeptide of fibrillar collagens such as collagen type I and type II. It is used as a biomarker to measure the rate of bone turnover. NTX can be measured in the urine (uNTX) or serum (serum NTX). [1]
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, commonly known as prolyl hydroxylase, is a member of the class of enzymes known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases.These enzymes catalyze the incorporation of oxygen into organic substrates through a mechanism that requires alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Fe 2+, and ascorbate.