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In organic chemistry, organocatalysis is a form of catalysis in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst. This "organocatalyst" consists of carbon , hydrogen , sulfur and other nonmetal elements found in organic compounds.
The discipline organocatalysis is divided into the application of covalent (e.g., proline, DMAP) and non-covalent (e.g., thiourea organocatalysis) organocatalysts referring to the preferred catalyst-substrate binding and interaction, respectively. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 was awarded jointly to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan ...
3.1 Transition-metal catalysis and organocatalysis. ... Download as PDF; ... Process chemistry is the arm of pharmaceutical chemistry concerned with the ...
Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry. This theme is often considered the starting point for the area of organocatalysis, even though early discoveries went unappreciated. [1] Modifications, such as MacMillan’s catalyst and Jorgensen's catalysts, proceed with excellent stereocontrol. [2]: 5574 [3]
Organocatalysis is a subfield of catalysis that explores the potential of organic small molecules as catalysts, particularly for the enantioselective creation of chiral molecules. One strategy in this subfield is the use of chiral secondary amines to activate carbonyl compounds.
Hydrogen-bond catalysis is a type of organocatalysis that relies on use of hydrogen bonding interactions to accelerate and control organic reactions. In biological systems, hydrogen bonding plays a key role in many enzymatic reactions, both in orienting the substrate molecules and lowering barriers to reaction. [ 1 ]
Asymmetric organocatalysis [26] is particularly important in bioactive organic compounds, where the chirality of the compounds is important, for example in drug production. [20] On 6 October 2021, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with David MacMillan "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis."
Within the area of organocatalysis, squaramide catalysis describes the use of squaramides to accelerate and stereochemically alter organic transformations. The effects arise through hydrogen-bonding interactions between the substrate and the squaramide, unlike classic catalysts, and is thus a type of hydrogen-bond catalyst.