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To a large extent, modern France lies within clear limits of physical geography.Roughly half of its margin lies on sea coasts: one continuous coastline along "La Manche" ("the sleeve" or English Channel) and the Atlantic Ocean forming the country's north-western and western edge, and a shorter, separate coastline along the Mediterranean Sea forming its south-eastern edge.
Map of the Contentin. The Cotentin Peninsula (US: / ˌ k oʊ t ɒ̃ ˈ t æ̃ /, [1] French: [kɔtɑ̃tɛ̃]; Norman: Cotentîn [kotɑ̃ˈtẽ] ⓘ), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France.
In 1204, during the reign of John of England, mainland Normandy was taken from the Angevin Empire by France under King Philip II. Insular Normandy (the Channel Islands) remained, however, under English control. In 1259, Henry III of England recognized the legality of French possession of mainland Normandy under the Treaty of Paris.
Normandy (French: Normandie; Norman: Normaundie or Nouormandie) [note 2] is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular Normandy (mostly the British Channel Islands).
Normandy was a province in the North-West of what later became France under the Ancien Régime which lasted until the later part of the 18th century. Initially populated by Celtic tribes in the West and Belgic tribes in the North East, it was conquered in AD 98 by the Romans and integrated into the province of Gallia Lugdunensis by Augustus .
The Roman civitas was afterward preserved as an administrative district under the Franks with the name first of pagus —then of comitatus or countship—of Anjou. [4]At the beginning of the reign of Charles the Bald, the integrity of Anjou was seriously menaced by a twofold danger: from Brittany to the west and from Normandy to the north.
Map of the provinces of France in 1789. They were abolished the following year. Under the Ancien Régime, the Kingdom of France was subdivided in multiple different ways (judicial, military, ecclesiastical, etc.) into several administrative units, until the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments (départements) and districts in late 1789.
The name Vexin is derived from a name for a Gaulish tribe now known as the Veliocasses.They had inhabited the area and made Rouen their most important city.. The Norse nobleman Rollo of Normandy (c. 846 – c. 931), the first ruler of the Viking principality that became Normandy, made several incursions into the western half of the county.