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The Russian Partition (red), the Austrian Partition (green), and the Prussian Partition (blue) The Prussian Partition ( Polish : Zabór pruski ), or Prussian Poland , is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland , in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia . [ 1 ]
The second partition of Poland; a study in diplomatic history (1915) online; Lukowski, Jerzy. The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795 (1998); online review; McLean, Thomas. The Other East and Nineteenth-Century British Literature: Imagining Poland and the Russian Empire (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) pp. 14–40.
The first Russian partition took place in the late 17th century when the forced Treaty of Andrusovo signed in 1667 granted Russia the Commonwealth's territory in the Eastern Ukraine. [3] Under the Third Partition of Poland Russia acquired Courland, all Lithuanian territory east of the Nieman River, and the remaining parts of Volhynian Ukraine.
Prussia had acquired the City of Danzig in the course of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. After the defeat of King Frederick William III of Prussia at the 1806 Battle of Jena–Auerstedt , according to the Franco-Prussian Treaty of Tilsit of 9 July 1807, the territory of the free state was carved out from lands that made up part of the ...
At the same time he built up Prussia's military power and participated in the First Partition of Poland with Austria and Russia in 1772, an act that geographically connected the Brandenburg territories with those of Prussia proper. The partition also added Polish Royal Prussia to the kingdom, allowing Frederick to re-style himself King of Prussia.
The insurgencies arose mainly in the Russian zone of partition to the east, about three-quarters of which was formerly Polish territory. After the Congress of Vienna, Russia had organized its Polish lands as the Congress Poland , granting it a quite liberal constitution , its own army, and limited autonomy within the tsarist empire.
First Russian Empire Census of 1897 recorded Warsaw's population as 61.7% Polish, 27.1% Jewish, 7.3% Russian, 1.7% German and 2,2% others. [26] According to the 1897 census, Warsaw was the third largest city in the Russian Empire (after Moscow and St. Petersburg ), and the largest Polish city located in the Russian partition of Poland .
The Kingdom of Prussia [a] (German: Königreich Preußen, pronounced [ˈkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈpʁɔʏsn̩] ⓘ) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. [5] It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1866 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. [5]