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In mathematics, the discriminant of a polynomial is a quantity that depends on the coefficients and allows deducing some properties of the roots without computing them. More precisely, it is a polynomial function of the coefficients of the original polynomial. The discriminant is widely used in polynomial factoring, number theory, and algebraic ...
In mathematics, the second partial derivative test is a method in multivariable calculus used to determine if a critical point of a function is a local minimum, maximum or saddle point. Functions of two variables
An integer that occurs as the discriminant of a quadratic number field is called a fundamental discriminant. [3] Cyclotomic fields: let n > 2 be an integer, let ζ n be a primitive nth root of unity, and let K n = Q(ζ n) be the nth cyclotomic field. The discriminant of K n is given by [2] [4]
In vector calculus, the Jacobian matrix (/ dʒ ə ˈ k oʊ b i ə n /, [1] [2] [3] / dʒ ɪ-, j ɪ-/) of a vector-valued function of several variables is the matrix of all its first-order partial derivatives.
[2] [3] [4] The determinant of the Hessian matrix, when evaluated at a critical point of a function, is equal to the Gaussian curvature of the function considered as a manifold. The eigenvalues of the Hessian at that point are the principal curvatures of the function, and the eigenvectors are the principal directions of curvature.
Figure 3. Discriminant signs. In the quadratic formula, the expression underneath the square root sign is called the discriminant of the quadratic equation, and is often represented using an upper case D or an upper case Greek delta: [13] =.
He understood the importance of the discriminant of the cubic equation to find algebraic solutions to certain types of cubic equations. [18] In his book Flos, Leonardo de Pisa, also known as Fibonacci (1170–1250), was able to closely approximate the positive solution to the cubic equation x 3 + 2x 2 + 10x = 20.
Minkowski's bound may be used to derive a lower bound for the discriminant of a field K given n, r 1 and r 2. Since an integral ideal has norm at least one, we have 1 ≤ M K , so that | D | ≥ ( π 4 ) r 2 n n n ! ≥ ( π 4 ) n / 2 n n n !