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Individual psychology (German: Individualpsychologie) is a psychological method and school of thought founded by the Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler. [1] [2] The English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925), The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology, is a collection of papers and lectures given mainly between 1912 and 1914.
This theory would also be extended to humans. Alfred Adler (1879–1937) measured "activity" (connected with "energy") against "social interest", yielding the four "styles of life": [3] Ruling or Dominant type: high activity, low social interest; Getting or Leaning type: low activity, high social interest; Avoiding type: low activity, low ...
The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology is a work on psychology by Alfred Adler, first published in 1924.In his work, Adler develops his personality theory, suggesting that the situation into which a person is born, such as family size, sex of siblings, and birth order, plays an important part in personality development. [1]
Alfred Adler (/ ˈ æ d l ər / AD-lər; [1] German: [ˈalfʁeːt ˈʔaːdlɐ]; 7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. [2]
According to Adler's theory, the life of each first, middle, and last-born sibling is different regarding birth order, and their personality traits can be affected by this. [2] The oldest child may be dominant and conservative; The middle child may be cooperative and independent; The youngest child may be ambitious and privileged [3]
Adler was influenced by the writings of Hans Vaihinger, and his concept of fictionalism, mental constructs, or working models of how to interpret the world. [1] From them he evolved his notion of the teleological goal of an individual's personality, a fictive ideal, which he later elaborated with the means for attaining it into the whole style of life.
The Journal of Individual Psychology (1974–1981), Journal of Individual Psychology, and Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice (1982–1997) is abstracted and indexed by the EBSCO Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection [28] and PsycINFO (from 1950).
Adler's motivation to investigate this was from personal experience. He was a very sickly child. He was unable to walk till he was four because of rickets. Then he was a victim of pneumonia as well as a series of accidents. [citation needed] Adler also "transferred" this idea of compensation to psychic training.