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Reciprocity, in its ordinary dictionary sense, is broader than that, and broader than all discussions that begin with a sense of mutuality and mutual benevolence. (See the reference below to Becker, Reciprocity, and the bibliographic essays therein.) Reciprocity pointedly covers arm’s-length dealings between egoistic or mutually disinterested ...
In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to an action executed by another person with a similar or equivalent action. This typically results in rewarding positive actions and punishing negative ones. [1] As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are generally nicer and more ...
Both of these studies provide evidence to support the fact that people who encounter each other more frequently tend to develop stronger relationships. There are two main reasons why people form groups with others nearby rather than people further away. First, human beings like things that are familiar to them.
"To love well is the task in all meaningful relationships, not just romantic bonds," bell hooks, the pioneering scholar and writer, once wrote in 2000's All About Love. All relationships, she ...
Dunbar's number has become of interest in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, [12] statistics, and business management.For example, developers of social software are interested in it, as they need to know the size of social networks their software needs to take into account; and in the modern military, operational psychologists seek such data to support or refute policies related to ...
Reciprocity selection suggests that one's altruistic act may evolve from the anticipation of future reciprocal altruistic behavior from others. [11] An application of reciprocity selection in game theory is the Tit-For-Tat strategy in prisoner's dilemma , which is the strategy that the player cooperate at the initial encounter, and then follow ...
Attempting to proactively reciprocate favors with a mentor can backfire, as the role reversal and unsolicited assistance may put your mentor in an unexpected, awkward situation". [10] The Ben Franklin effect was cited in Dale Carnegie's bestselling book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Carnegie interprets the request for a favor as "a ...
People with a propensity towards anger may more strongly endorse the negative reciprocity norm as a justification for consummating their hostility by punishing the instigator of mistreatment. [7] In one study, most college students believed that criminal punishment should be determined by the seriousness of the crime rather than by punishment's ...