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The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition.The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded equally often in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note [3] through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes.
A 12-tone row has hexachordal combinatoriality with another 12-tone row if their respective first (as well as second, because a 12-tone row itself forms an aggregate by definition) hexachords form an aggregate. There are four main types of combinatoriality. A hexachord may be: Prime combinatorial (transposition) Retrograde combinatorial
"Mirror forms", P, R, I, and RI, of a tone row (from Arnold Schoenberg's Variations for Orchestra Op. 31, "Called mirror forms because...they are identical". [1]In music, a tone row or note row (German: Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set, [2] is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of the twelve notes in musical set theory of the chromatic scale, though both ...
D harmonic minor & in the inverted row-form added-sixth chord with both major and minor third : I: 0 t 9 7 5 4 1 8 6 2 4 e: P: 0 2 3 6 8 t 5 7 9 e 1 4: 2 1 3 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 3: Ernst Krenek: Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 2 [18] 1940–41 6-34: 6-34: RI-symmetry I: 0 t 9 6 4 2 7 5 3 1 e 8: P: 0 2 4 5 8 t 6 7 9 e 1 3
This is a technique used in music, specifically in twelve-tone technique, where the inversion and retrograde techniques are performed on the same tone row successively, "[t]he inversion of the prime series in reverse order from last pitch to first." [3] Basic row forms from Stravinsky's Requiem Canticles: [4] P R I IR
His 8 symphonies (see e.g. the article on Symphony No.1 (Op.33, 1958)) either use the twelve-tone technique, or serial techniques with other kinds of rows, or both [5] Lou Harrison. Rapunzel (1952) Symphony on G (1952) Josef Matthias Hauer. All works written after August 1919 (though the twelve-tone technique used is not Schoenberg's system)
The Grandmother chord is an eleven-interval, twelve-note, invertible chord with all of the properties of the Mother chord. Additionally, the intervals are so arranged that they alternate odd and even intervals (counted by semitones) and that the odd intervals successively decrease by one whole-tone while the even intervals successively increase by one whole-tone. [13]
In music using the twelve-tone technique, derivation is the construction of a row through segments. A derived row is a tone row whose entirety of twelve tones is constructed from a segment or portion of the whole, the generator. Anton Webern often used derived rows in his pieces. A partition is a segment created from a set through partitioning.