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Replacing the tree in a bonsai pot will slow or halt the tree's growth, and may lead to die-back if the volume of foliage is too great for the limited root system to support. Managing the tree's available soil volume allows the grower to manage the overall size of the bonsai, and to increase vigor and growth when new branches are required for a ...
The BMW M3 CSL (Coupe Sport Leichtbau, meaning 'Coupé Sport Lightweight') [73] is a limited edition version of the M3 that was produced in 2004, with production totaling to 1,383 cars. [74] It was available in two colours: "Silver Grey Metallic" and "Black Sapphire Metallic". [75] As its name suggests, an emphasis was put on reducing weight.
Japan also hosts several annual bonsai competitions where trees compete for awards in different categories. The most prestigious bonsai competition for amateur-owned trees, although most trees are prepared for display by professionals, is the Kokufu-ten, held every year in the month of February in the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum. The Kokufu ...
The M3 is the most performance oriented version of the 3 Series. It is designed and developed by BMW's in-house motorsport division, BMW M. M3 models have been derived from the E30, E36, E46, E90/E92/E93, and F30 (designated F80) 3 series and have been marketed with coupé, sedan and convertible body styles. Upgrades over the "standard" 3 ...
In order for the M3 GTR race car to compete in the American Le Mans Series, BMW produced 10 examples of the "M3 GTR Straßen Version" (street version) in 2001. [76] As per the race M3 GTR, the roadgoing Version was powered by the BMW P60B40 4.0 L V8 engine which was slightly detuned and generated a maximum power output of 283 kW (380 hp) at ...
After the success of BMW M products like BMW 3.0 CSL in racing venues and the growing market for high performance sports cars, M introduced cars for sale to the public. The first official M-badged car for sale to the public was the M1 , revealed at the Paris Motor Show in 1978.
The M3 models based on the F30 3 Series were introduced in 2014. Designated F80 for the M3 (sedan) alongside F82 for the M4 (coupe), it is the first time an M3 has used a separate model code, and the first time an M coupe was designated M4. They are powered by the S55 twin-turbocharged straight-six engine. Production of the M3 ended in 2020. [47]
During this period, the tokonoma in formal rooms and tea rooms became the main place for bonsai display. The shaped trees now shared space with other items such as scrolls, incense burners, Buddhist statues, and tea ceremony implements. [59] The first issue of Bonsai magazine was published in 1921 by Norio Kobayashi (1889–1972). This ...