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Vitamin C administration may also acidify the urine and could promote the precipitation of kidney stones or drugs in the urine. [20] Although vitamin C can be well tolerated at doses well above what government organizations recommend, adverse effects can occur at doses above 3 grams per day.
Vitamin C does not pass from the bloodstream into the brain, although the brain is one of the organs that have the greatest concentration of vitamin C.Instead, DHA is transported through the blood–brain barrier via GLUT1 transporters, and then reduced back to ascorbic acid.
In 1957, J. J. Burns showed that some mammals are susceptible to scurvy as their liver does not produce the enzyme l-gulonolactone oxidase, the last of the chain of four enzymes that synthesize vitamin C. [186] [187] American biochemist Irwin Stone was the first to exploit vitamin C for its food preservative properties.
“The FDA does not approve dietary supplements or their product labeling before they are sold to the public,” Dr. Cara Welch, director of the FDA’s Office of Dietary Supplement Programs in ...
Kidneys are a good source of proteins, vitamin A, riboflavin (vitamin B 2 vitamer), niacin (vitamin B 3 vitamer), vitamin B 12, iron, phosphorus and zinc. [2] Kidneys, along with liver, contain the most riboflavin compared to other offals and meat. [12] Lamb and beef kidneys contain folate (vitamin B 9 vitamer).
While caffeine has a mild diuretic effect, a 2014 study found that moderate consumption does not impact hydration levels. Other more recent research suggests caffeine may help boost fat-burning ...
A new study suggests that intermittent fasting is more effective than calorie-counting for weight loss and belly fat burn. A dietitian explains how to start.
Lime green is showing the N-terminus. Red is displaying the C-terminus end of the protein. L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO) is an enzyme that helps catalyze the production of ascorbic acid aka vitamin C. Mammals such as humans and guinea pigs do not express this gene due to multiple mutations in a specific exon. [29]