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The term "birth injury" may be used in two different ways: the ICD-10 uses "birth injury" and "birth trauma" interchangeably to refer to mechanical injuries sustained during delivery; the legal community uses "birth injury" to refer to any damage or injury sustained during pregnancy, during delivery, or just after delivery, including injuries ...
Long-term complications for the mother include obstetrical fistula. [2] Obstructed labour is said to result in prolonged labour, when the active phase of labour is longer than 12 hours. [2] The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2]
Medical study of birth trauma dates to the 16th century, and the morphological consequences of mishandled delivery are described in Renaissance-era medical literature. Birth injury occupies a unique area of concern and study in the medical canon. In ICD-10 "birth trauma" occupied 49 individual codes (P10–Р15).
The point at which delivery becomes recommended depends on how severe the pre-eclampsia and how far along in pregnancy a woman is. [4] Blood pressure medication, such as labetalol and methyldopa, may be used to improve the mother's condition before delivery. [6] Magnesium sulfate may be used to prevent eclampsia in those with severe disease. [4]
Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth. These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders. [3] [4] Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans. [5]
In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. [45] This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery. [46]
Maternal mortality due to eclampsia occurs at a rate of approximately 0–1.8% of cases in high-income countries and up to 15% of cases in low- to middle- income countries. [15] The word eclampsia is from the Greek term for lightning. [16] The first known description of the condition was by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. [16]
Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), previously known as premature rupture of membranes, is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labour. [2] Women usually experience a painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the vagina. [1] Complications in the baby may include premature birth, cord compression, and infection.