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Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB, FRS (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, [1] [2] [3] was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Clive has been widely credited for laying the foundation of the British East India Company (EIC) rule in Bengal.
Siraj-ud-Daulah had become the Nawab of Bengal the year before, and he had ordered the English to stop the extension of their fortification. Robert Clive bribed Mir Jafar, the commander-in-chief of the Nawab's army, and also promised to make him Nawab of Bengal. Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey in 1757 and captured Calcutta. [2]
Robert Clive sent a messenger to inform Maratha general Murari Rao of his situation to immediately march to Arcot to relieve the besieged garrison. The messenger returned to the fort safely and brought a letter from Murari Rao to Clive in which he said he would immediately send a detachment of Marathas to assist the defenders of Arcot. [5] [6] [7]
Clive and his companions hurried on before they could be exposed. After a three-day journey, made mostly by night, they reached Fort St David hundred miles away carrying news of the disastrous French attack on Madras. [7] The story of Clive's escape was the first to bring him wider attention.
In 1751, however, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot, and successfully defend it. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognised Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic. Charles Godeheu replaced Dupleix, who died in poverty back in France. [2]
Siege of Arcot was a major battle fought between Robert Clive and the combined forces of the Carnatic Sultanate, Chanda Sahib, assisted by a small number of troops from the French East India Company. Chanda Sahib (died 12 June 1752) was a subject of the Carnatic Sultanate between 1749 and 1752.
The Mughal emperor Shah Alam hands a scroll to Robert Clive, the governor of Bengal, which transferred tax collecting rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company, August 1765. Oil on canvas, Benjamin West, 1818. The famine occurred in Bengal, then ruled by the East India Company.
The Mughal emperor Shah Alam hands over the treaty of Allahabad to Robert Clive which transferred tax collecting rights in Bengal Subah to the East India Company, August 1765. The treaty marked the political and constitutional involvement of the British in India. [ 3 ]