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The helicity of a particle is positive (" right-handed") if the direction of its spin is the same as the direction of its motion and negative ("left-handed") if opposite. Helicity is conserved. [1] That is, the helicity commutes with the Hamiltonian, and thus, in the absence of external forces, is time-invariant. It is also rotationally ...
Magnetic helicity is a gauge-dependent quantity, because can be redefined by adding a gradient to it (gauge choosing).However, for perfectly conducting boundaries or periodic systems without a net magnetic flux, the magnetic helicity contained in the whole domain is gauge invariant, [15] that is, independent of the gauge choice.
A flat vortex sheet with periodic boundaries in the streamwise direction can be used to model a temporal free shear layer at high Reynolds number. Let us assume that the interval between the periodic boundaries is of length . Then the equation of motion of the vortex sheet reduces to
In theoretical particle physics, maximally helicity violating amplitudes (MHV) are amplitudes with massless external gauge bosons, where gauge bosons have a particular helicity and the other two have the opposite helicity. These amplitudes are called MHV amplitudes, because at tree level, they violate helicity conservation to the maximum extent ...
Helicity is a pseudo-scalar quantity: it changes sign under change from a right-handed to a left-handed frame of reference; it can be considered as a measure of the handedness (or chirality) of the flow. Helicity is one of the four known integral invariants of the Euler equations; the other three are energy, momentum and angular momentum.
Diagram of different modes, four of which are optical vortices. Columns show the helical structures, phase-front and intensity of the beams. An optical vortex (also known as a photonic quantum vortex, screw dislocation or phase singularity) is a zero of an optical field; a point of zero intensity.
In mathematical physics, a Grassmann number, named after Hermann Grassmann (also called an anticommuting number or supernumber), is an element of the exterior algebra of a complex vector space. [1]
In Minkowski's 1908 paper there were three diagrams, first to illustrate the Lorentz transformation, then the partition of the plane by the light-cone, and finally illustration of worldlines. [8] The first diagram used a branch of the unit hyperbola t 2 − x 2 = 1 {\textstyle t^{2}-x^{2}=1} to show the locus of a unit of proper time depending ...
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