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The smelling salts release ammonia (NH 3) gas, which triggers an inhalation reflex. It causes the muscles that control breathing to work faster by irritating the mucous membranes of the nose and lungs. [7] Fainting can be caused by excessive parasympathetic and vagal activity that slows the heart and decreases perfusion of the brain. [14]
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [1] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [2]
Fainting Hyperventilation is irregular breathing that occurs when the rate or tidal volume of breathing eliminates more carbon dioxide than the body can produce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This leads to hypocapnia , a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood.
These processes cause the typical symptoms of fainting: pale skin, rapid breathing, nausea, and weakness of the limbs, particularly of the legs. [3] If the ischemia is intense or prolonged, limb weakness progresses to collapse. [3] The weakness of the legs causes most people to sit or lie down if there is time to do so.
Night sweats or nocturnal hyperhidrosis [1] is the repeated occurrence of excessive sweating during sleep. [2] The person may or may not also perspire excessively while awake. One of the most common causes of night sweats in women over 40 is the hormonal changes related to menopause and perimenopause . [ 3 ]
While yoga for seniors isn’t a new concept, this is the first time the effects of the practice have been measured against a slew of different metrics doctors use to define frailty in older patients.
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This explains the other common symptoms of hyperventilation—pins and needles, muscle cramps and tetany in the extremities, especially hands and feet. [ citation needed ] Because the brain stem regulates breathing by monitoring the level of blood CO 2 instead of O 2 , hypocapnia can suppress breathing to the point of blackout from cerebral ...