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Panic attacks, while unpleasant, are not life-threatening. However, recurrent panic attacks can negatively affect one's mental health if people experiencing them do not seek treatment. Sometimes, panic attacks can develop into phobias or panic disorder if untreated. However, when treated, people do very well, with symptoms decreasing or fully ...
Panic disorder is a mental and behavioral disorder, [5] specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks. [1] Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something terrible is going to happen.
Agoraphobia is also defined as "a fear, sometimes terrifying, by those who have experienced one or more panic attacks". [11] In these cases, the patient is fearful of a particular place because they have previously experienced a panic attack at the same location. Fearing the onset of another panic attack, the patient is fearful or avoids a ...
The PDSS consists of seven items, each rated on a 5-point scale, which ranges from 0 to 4. The items assess panic frequency, distress during panic, panic-focused anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance of situations, phobic avoidance of physical sensations, impairment in work functioning, and impairment in social functioning. The overall ...
The Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) is primarily used for monitoring the efficacy of both medication and psychotherapy treatments of agoraphobia, as well as a screening tool for the disorder. It is available in both self-rated and clinician-rated versions and the scale structure is compatible with DSM-IV and ICD-10 classifications.
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It was assumed that after a first panic attack, people learn to fear recurrence, and thus developed agoraphobia. In 1985 Reiss and McNally re-interpreted the "fear of fear" as anxiety sensitivity. Instead of viewing it as the anticipation of recurrent panic attacks, Reiss and McNally suggested that it arises from beliefs that the experience of ...
Periods of heightened anxiety or panic attacks when ommetaphobia is triggered. This includes physical symptoms, such as nausea, rapid breathing, and sweating, as well as mental symptoms, such as feelings of panic and lost control. Depending on the severity of the panic attack, the individual experiencing it may need to be hospitalised. These ...