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The Maryland legislature refused to ratify the amendment and attempted to prevent other states from doing so. Carrie Catt began appealing to Western governors, encouraging them to act swiftly. By the end of 1919, a total of 22 states had ratified the amendment. [53] "The Big Issue At The Polls" (Judge, Oct 25, 1919)
By the summer of 1920, thirty-five of the forty-eight states had ratified the amendment, with a further four states called upon to hold legislative voting sessions on the issue. Three of those states refused to call special sessions, but Tennessee agreed to do so. This session was called to meet in August 1920. [4]
Banks Pearson Turner (September 14, 1889 – January 11, 1953) was a Democratic member of the Tennessee General Assembly for Gibson, Tennessee.He is best remembered for action taken to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment during his first term in the legislature. [1]
The amendment required ratification in 36 states to become law, and by August 1920, 35 had ratified it, while eight had rejected it, and five (including Tennessee) had yet to vote. The state senate approved the amendment by a 25 to 4 margin, and it narrowly passed in the state house by a 50 to 46 vote.
Anne Dallas Dudley (born Annie Willis Dallas; [1] November 13, 1876 – September 13, 1955) was an American activist in the women's suffrage movement.She was a national and state leader in the fight for women's suffrage who worked to secure the ratification of the 19th Amendment in Tennessee.
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Other states followed suit at a regular pace, until the amendment had been ratified by 35 of the necessary 36 state legislatures. After Washington on March 22, 1920, ratification languished for months. Finally, on August 18, 1920, Tennessee narrowly ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, making it the law throughout the United States. [272]
Only three Southern or border states, Arkansas, Texas, and Tennessee, ratified the 19th Amendment, with Tennessee being the crucial 36th state to ratify. The Nineteenth Amendment, the women's suffrage amendment, became the law of the land on August 26, 1920, when it was certified by the United States Secretary of State. [131]