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Phenylboronic acid or benzeneboronic acid, abbreviated as PhB(OH) 2 where Ph is the phenyl group C 6 H 5 - and B(OH) 2 is a boronic acid containing a phenyl substituent and two hydroxyl groups attached to boron. Phenylboronic acid is a white powder and is commonly used in organic synthesis.
The general structure of a boronic acid, where R is a substituent.. A boronic acid is an organic compound related to boric acid (B(OH) 3) in which one of the three hydroxyl groups (−OH) is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (represented by R in the general formula R−B(OH) 2). [1]
Compounds of the type BR n (OR) 3-n are called borinic esters (n = 2), boronic esters (n = 1), and borates (n = 0). Boronic acids are key to the Suzuki reaction. Trimethyl borate, debatably not an organoboron compound, is an intermediate in sodium borohydride production.
The reaction of boron trichloride with alcohols was reported in 1931, and was used to prepare dimethoxyboron chloride, B(OCH 3) 2 Cl. [3] Egon Wiberg and Wilhelm Ruschmann used it to prepare tetrahydroxydiboron by first introducing the boron–boron bond by reduction with sodium and then hydrolysing the resulting tetramethoxydiboron, B 2 (OCH 3) 4, to produce what they termed sub-boric acid. [4]
Boronic acids and esters are classified depending on the type of carbon group (R) directly bonded to boron, for example alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, and aryl-boronic esters. The most common type of starting materials that incorporate boronic esters into organic compounds for transition metal catalyzed borylation reactions have the general ...
Basic heteroaromatic boronic acids (boronic acids that contain a basic nitrogen atom, such as 2-pyridine boronic acid) display additional protodeboronation mechanisms. [4] A key finding shows the speciation of basic heteroaromatic boronic acids to be analogous to that of simple amino acids , with zwitterionic species forming under neutral pH ...
The trihalides adopt a planar trigonal structure. These compounds are Lewis acids in that they readily form adducts with electron-pair donors, which are called Lewis bases. For example, fluoride (F −) and boron trifluoride (BF 3) combined to give the tetrafluoroborate anion, BF 4 −. Boron trifluoride is used in the petrochemical industry as ...
Examples include group transfer polymerization (GTP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). [1] Graft copolymers are a popular type to synthesize because their structure is a backbone with branches. The composition of the branches can be changed to achieve different properties. [2]