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Muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes, usually those involved in making muscle proteins. [2] The muscle protein, dystrophin, is in most muscle cells and works to strengthen the muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. [3] It links the muscle membrane to the thin muscular filaments within the cell.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, [3] with a median life expectancy of 27–31 years. [5] [11] However, with comprehensive care, some individuals may live into their 30s or 40s. [3] Duchenne muscular dystrophy is considerably rarer in females, occurring in approximately one in 50,000,000 live female ...
DM1 is the most common form of myotonic muscular dystrophy diagnosed in children, with a prevalence ranging from 1 per 100,000 in Japan to 3–15 per 100,000 in Europe. [13] The prevalence may be as high as 1 in 500 in regions such as Quebec, possibly due to the founder effect. The incidence of congenital myotonic dystrophy is thought to be ...
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause progressive impairment of muscles. EDMD affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), causing atrophy, weakness and contractures. It almost always affects the heart, causing abnormal rhythms, heart failure, or sudden ...
The minimum prevalence of limb–girdle muscular dystrophy, as a group, likely ranges 2.27–10 per 100,000 (1:44,000 to 1:10,000). [6] LGMD is the fourth most common muscular dystrophy, after the dystrophinopathies, myotonic dystrophies, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. [26]
Other distal muscular dystrophies Type Eponym Inheritance OMIM Gene Locus Gene also implicated in: Distal myopathy with vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness [4] AD [5] 606070: MATR3 [5] 5q31 [5] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 21 (ALS21). One study suggests that all cases are ALS, justifying reclassification. [12]
Becker muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1.5 to 6 in 100,000 male births, making it much less common than Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Symptoms usually appear in men at about ages 8–25, but may sometimes begin later. [17] Genetic counseling may be advisable when potential carriers or patients want to have children. Sons of a man with ...
Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is a rare, autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy (weakness and breakdown of muscular tissue) mainly described in Japan but also identified in Turkish and Ashkenazi Jewish patients; [5] fifteen cases were first described on 1960 by Dr. Yukio Fukuyama.